Description
Cardiac prosthetics or the
artificial heart valves are the devices used for replacing damaged or diseased
natural valves of the heart. Human heart might be considered as a pump for
supporting the pulmonary and systemic blood circulation. Heart comprises of
receiving and pumping chamber, coupled with two valves for ensuring the
unidirectional flow of blood. Sometimes pathological diseases such as diabetes,
obesity, hypertension and others might hamper the working mechanism of the
valves. Hence, cardiac prosthetics are designed to replace the diseased or
damaged natural valves. Artificial valves mainly are of two types namely
mechanical heart valves and biological heart valves. Mechanical valves
are made up of synthetic materials such as polymers, ceramics and metals.
Biologic or the tissue valves are made up of materials from biological origin
after modification using physico-chemical treatments.
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Cardiac diseases are the most common
cause of deaths and more people die due to cardiac diseases compared to any
other form of disease. According to WHO projection, number of people who
will die due to cardiac disease will reach 23.3 million by 2030. Hence, with
the rise in number of cardiac diseases the demand for cardiac prosthetic
devices is poised to grow at an impressive rate. Mechanical valves dominate the
total cardiac devices market followed by tissue valves. Mechanical valves are
preferred over tissue valve as they are made from biocompatible material and
are durable with long term flexibility. However, patient implanted with
mechanical valves need a long term anticoagulation therapy and is not preferred
for elderly patients or hemolytic patients. But, tissue valves are expected to
show a significant growth in near future owing to technological advancements
such as introduction of suture-less valves and transcatheter valves. Currently
tissue valves have limited life span and might undergo structural changes due
to calcification.
North America accounts for the
largest overall market with approximately 2.5% of the total population
suffering from valve related diseases. Europe is the second largest market
share holder followed by Asia-Pacific which is expected to grow at a faster
rate. The usage of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) device brings
the notable difference between the market share of Europe and North America.
TAVI is currently used in Europe and soon will be adopted in US. Some of the
key players in the cardiac prosthetics market include Boston Scientific
Corporation, St. Jude Medical, Inc., Medtronic, Inc. and other significant
players.
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