Aptamers refer to short strands of
nucleic acids or peptide molecules capable of forming secondary and tertiary
structures. These molecules bind specifically to the cellular targets and are
created by selecting randomly from the complex libraries of synthetic nucleic
acids. These receptor molecules can be modified in order to enhance the
stability and availability in biological environments. Aptamers possess
potential applications in research, clinical, industrial and medical areas.
Since the 1990s, aptamers have been tested for their clinical relevance.
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Aptamers are chemically equivalent
to protein therapeutics and are highly specific, non-immunogenic and small in
size. Despite of its advantages over protein therapeutics, aptamers are not
able to establish their strong presence in the market. According to a research
study published in 2010, till date only one aptamer based drug has received
regulatory approval. The first aptamer based therapeutic was indicated for the
treatment of age related macular degeneration and was FDA approved in the year
2004. At present many other aptamer molecules are being evaluated in clinical
trials.
Emergence of aptamer molecules in
various diagnostic and therapeutic applications holds immense growth prospects
in the near future. With the development of systematic evolution of ligands by
exponential enrichment (SELEX) process, aptamers are replacing antibodies in
both diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Aptamers market can be
categorized on the basis of product type, applications and geographies. The
application areas of aptamers include diagnostics, biosensors, drug discovery,
bio-markers, therapeutics and others.
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