Natural gas consists of conventional
natural gas and unconventional natural gas. Shale gas is included in
unconventional natural gas. Compared with conventional natural gas, shale gas
is featured with low abundance, low porosity and permeability, low recovery ratio,
large reserves and long lifespan of a single well.
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The global shale gas resources are
mainly distributed in North America and Asia. In 2011, the exploitable shale
gas resources in North America and Asia accounted for 29% and 27% respectively.
The United States is the earliest
and most successful country in the development of shale gas. In 2011, its shale
gas output shared 27.8% of the country’s natural gas output, thereby making its
self-sufficiency rate of natural gas rise to 94.4% and its import volume drop
significantly. The success of the United States has prompted the world's major
countries to enhance shale gas exploration and development.
China always uses coal as energy. In
China’s energy consumption, coal accounts for over 60%, while natural gas only
about 5%, far below the world average, so coal has huge development potentials
in China. In recent years, China’s demand for natural gas has witnessed rapid
growth, but the output growth has been slow, so that China depends on the
import of natural gas heavily. In 2012, 26.2% of the natural gas in China was
imported. To reduce the risk incurred by the high reliance and ease the
contradiction between supply and demand, China is accelerating the exploration
and development of shale gas and other unconventional natural gas.
In 2012, China’s potential volume of
mineable shale gas hit 25 trillion cubic meters (excluding the shale gas in the
Qinghai and Tibet), same with that of China’s land conventional natural gas.
At present, China shale gas industry
is still in its infancy, with the output of about 540,000 cubic meters / day.
Main mining enterprises include PetroChina, Sinopec and Yanchang Petroleum. In
2015, the shale gas industry will enter a rapid development stage in the wake
of the completion of China’s potential shale gas resource survey. By 2020,
China’s shale gas output will reach 100 billion cubic meters and become an
important part of China's natural gas energy. From 2011 to now, Ministry of
Land and Resources of China invited bids for shale gas exploration rights twice
and allowed private enterprises to participate in. In the second round of
bidding, two private companies won the bids. The third round of bidding will be
held in early 2014, and still open to small and medium private enterprises,
providing equal opportunities for private capital.
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