Hospital acquired infections are the
infections acquired by the patients following the admission in hospitals within
48 hours. These conditions are also known as nosocomial infections. The
causative agents of nosocomial infections include various types of
microorganisms such as bacteria (Gram-positive and Gram-negative), viruses and
fungi. The most common form of pathogens known to cause infections are
superbugs such as staphylococcus aureus, escherichia Coli, enterococcus
species, pseudomonas aeruginosa and klebshiella pneumonia, etc. Infections of
surgical wounds, urinary tract infections and lower respiratory infections are
the most common nosocomial infections.
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These pathogens have a high degree
of resistance to antibiotic treatments. The common sources of nosocomial
infection pathogens are contaminated air, water, food and medicine, used
instruments and bio- medical wastes.
According to the WHO over 1.4
million people worldwide suffer from nosocomial infection related
complications. The major factors influencing the development of nosocomial
infections account for the healthcare settings, age, immune status and disease
diagnostics and therapeutic interventions. Increasing resistance of the
causative agents to antibiotics and the emerging new strains prove to be a
crucial factor impacting the hospital infection therapeutic market.
The emerging trend to treat
nosocomial infections includes combination therapies which comprises of
administration of antibiotics effective against superbugs. Some of the examples
of emerging antibiotics are imipenem/cilastatin, combination is used against
ESBL (extended spectrum β- Lactamases) producing E.coli and Klebsheilla
species. Ceftaroline, fifth generation cephalosporin is effective against multi
drug resistant gram positive bacteria.
Rigorous research and development,
use of combination therapies, increased awareness about nosocomial infections
and its impacts, development of new drugs drive the hospital acquired
therapeutic market and holds potential growth conditions. Geographically, North
America leads this market followed by Europe. However increase in the
development of healthcare infrastructure in emerging economies will lead to
growth in demand for hospital infection therapeutics in Asia-Pacific and other
parts of the world. Some of the major players in this market include Abbott
Laboratories, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, GlaxoSmithKline, Daiichi
Sankyo, Pfizer and others.
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