Nano-fiber cell scaffolds are
artificial structures used in tissue engineering which provides mechanical,
chemical and biological support in tissue formation. Tissue engineering
involves the process of growing organs by implantation of engineered tissue
from the recipient and thereby preventing immunological rejection which usually
occurs in case of organ transplantation. Myocardial tissue engineering
(myocardial infarction, ventricular remodeling and heart failure), cartilage
repair, bone repair, dermal wound healing and toxicology testing are the application
areas where nano-fiber cell scaffolds are utilized.
The materials used in nano-fiber
cell scaffold are segmented as natural biomaterials, synthetic biomaterials and
elastomeric composites.
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The synthetic biomaterials segment
includes biodegradable polymers and bioactive ceramics and glasses. Synthetic
biodegradable polymers used in nano-fiber cell scaffold are typically
poly-α-hydroxy esters such as polylactic acid (PLA), polyglycolic acid (PGA),
polycaprolactone (PCL), and 90:10 copolymer of polylactic acid and polyglycolic
acid (PLGA). Bioactive ceramics/glasses which find application in nano-fiber
cell scaffold are hydroxyapatite (HA) and ß-tricalcium phosphate (ß-TCP).
The natural biomaterials used in
nano-fiber cell scaffold are proteins (collagen, fibrin, elastin) and
polysaccharides (alginate, chitosan, glycosaminoglycans). Composites such as
collagen-hydroxyapatite (HA) and collagen - calcium phosphate are also used in
manufacture of nano-fiber cell scaffold. Owing to the huge spending in tissue
engineering research in the U.S., North America leads the global nano-fiber
cell scaffold market. This market is very nascent in nature and therefore
opportunities exist for entry of small companies across the globe.
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